Non-Coding DNA: More Than "Junk DNA"
___ Non-coding DNA, often referred to as "junk DNA," constitutes about **98% of the human genome**. Initially dismissed as non-functional, this vast segment of our genetic material is now recognized for its critical roles in regulating gene expression, maintaining genome stability, and influencing evolutionary processes. Below is a detailed exploration of non-coding DNA, its functions, implications for health, and future directions in research. **1. Gene Regulation** One of the primary roles of non-coding DNA is to regulate **when, where, and how much a gene is expressed**. This regulation is achieved through specific sequences that serve as binding sites for proteins like transcription factors. These proteins control the transcription process, determining whether a gene is turned "on" or "off." - **Promoters:** Promoters are regions in non-coding DNA located near the start of a gene. They serve as docking sites for RNA polymerase, the e...